302 



VETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



of water. We say less chance, for the reason that the 

 vessel is not self filling and very often labour saving con- 

 trivances encourage neglect. 



The water vessel is filled from a tap which is placed out 

 of harm's way ; it is emptied either by being turned over 

 or by a plug. Whichever method is adopted the outlet 

 pipe should not open into the stable drain, as is always so 

 arranged, but carried through the wall and open over a 

 gutter outside. 



The height of a manger from the ground depends upon 

 the height of the horse ; it is generally fixed at 3 feet 3 inches 

 to 3 feet 6 inches above the floor level. 



The front is frequently boarded in to 

 prevent the horse from getting its head 

 beneath, but this is insanitary, as it 

 harbours dirt, etc., and the space be- 

 neath the manger cannot be cleaned 

 out. The manger fittings should either 

 be as in Figs. 109 and 110, or should 

 slope away from front to rear, the object 

 being to prevent the horse from bump- 

 ing his knees when feeding, a common 

 habit with a nervous or greedy feeder. 

 This design is seen in Fig. 112. 



Whatever pattern is adopted every 

 part must be rounded, with no projec- 

 tion nuts, bolts, or screws, or the 

 animal is certain to injure itself. 



The mangers in the loose boxes are much less liable to 

 cause injury, they are frequently triangular so as to fit in 

 one of the corners ; hay can be kept in one, corn in another 

 and a third used for water. Fig. 108 shows a type of 

 loose box mangering. The general principles observed are 

 those laid down in stall mangering. 



The Tyinfi or Fastening arrangement for horses is always 

 a difficult matter ; it must be strong and at the same time 

 something which will produce no injury. There are probably 

 more accidents from fastening arrangements than from any 



Fig. 111.— Section of 

 sliding hay - guard 

 seen in Fig. 110 

 (Musgrave). 



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