322 VETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



country cow's cubic space, but only for those cows which are 

 not turned out to graze during the year, or not turned out 

 during some portion of the day. We will leave the Local 

 Government Board to explain its own case. 



Circular Letter of Local Government Board to Councils of Boroughs 

 and Urban Districts, March 11, 1889. 



' It will be observed that No. 8 of the Eegulations (Model Eegulations 

 issued by the Local Government Board; see below), which deals with 

 the question of air space in cowsheds, does not apply to cowsheds the 

 cows from which are habitually grazed on grass land during the greater 

 part of the year, and when not so grazed, are habitually turned out 

 during a portion of each day, and it is obvious that a regulation on 

 this subject which might be adapted to cowsheds in towns, where the 

 cows are kept and fed within the building, might be unsuitable for 

 cowsheds in the country, where the cows are regularly grazed on grass 

 land during the greater part of the year, and are during the rest of the 

 year usually turned out for a portion of each day. 



' The Royal Commission, in their recommendations, drew a dis- 

 tinction between the rules which should be observed on this subject as 

 regards cowsheds situated in populous and those situated in non- 

 populous places, but no indication was given as to the means by which 

 this distinction was to be made. It is clear it could not be accomphshed 

 by any test of population or by adopting the geographical limits of 

 urban and rural districts, without creating anomalies which would be 

 indefensible. 



' Neither is it easy to see how the distinction can be carried out 

 except upon the plan suggested by the Board, which seeks to give 

 effect to the chief difference between cowsheds in towns and cowsheds 

 in the country, or, in other words, between the case of cows which are 

 kept entirely or as a rule indoors, and that of cows which are usually 

 turned out to graze. 



' It will be noticed that No. 4 of the Model Begulations, which 

 provides that every cowkeeper must cause every cowshed in his 

 occupation to be sufficiently ventilated, and for this purpose to be pro- 

 vided with a sufficient number of openings into the external air to keep 

 the air in the cowshed in a wholesome condition, applies to both classes 

 of cases.' 



Extract of Order No. 8, Model Begulations of Local Government 

 Board — Dairies, Cow-sheds, and Milk-shops. 



No. 8. ' A cowkeeper shall not cause or allow any cowshed in his 

 occupation to be occupied by a larger number of cows than will leave 

 not less than eight hundred feet of air space for each cow. 



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