334 VETERINAEY HYGIENE 



uniformly distributed around the building. When he deals 

 with a closed roof he places another series of ventilators 

 high up on the wall to act as outlets, but with an open 

 roof he uses louvred air-shafts. 



Fig. 135, taken from Lloyd's communication, shows a 

 badly-arranged and insanitary cow-shed. Fig. 186 shows 

 the same buildings rearranged and placed on a sanitary 

 footing. 



What we have been endeavouring to do in connection 

 with this question is to legislate for the future, to state 

 what ought to exist, and what must come in course of time 

 as people become better educated in sanitary matters, and 

 more especially when the law steps in to enforce it. 



We may now pass to a consideration of the calf-house, 

 where the young stock are placed practically as soon as 

 born. 



Calf-House. 



The size of this must depend upon the number of calves 

 kept, in a purely dairy farm very few would be on hand for 

 any length of time, unless, of course, the farmer breeds his 

 own dairy stock, which he is strongly recommended to do. 



The calf-house should be as far as convenient from the 

 byre, as the cows are often disturbed and withhold their 

 milk through the persistent crying of the young animal. 

 It should consist of pens opening into a yard, each pen 

 being provided with a manger, parallel to which is a feeding 

 passage (Fig. 137). 



Gillespie contributes a most valuable paper* on the 

 rearing of calves, in which he deals with the housing of the 

 latter on the pen and yard system, which he adopted from 

 information furnished him by Mr. Gilbert Murray, an 

 authority in Derbyshire. This gentleman condemns the 

 dark, undrained, ill-ventilated place generally relegated to 

 calves, and dwells on the importance of placing the young 

 animals under sanitary conditions, if for no other reason 



* ' Calf Rearing ' : Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural 

 Society, 5th Series, vol, iL, 1890, bj Bev. John Gillespie. 



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