HABITATIONS 341 



Kegarding the facilities for distributing the food, the 

 food storage and preparation departments must be con- 

 veniently placed, but food should not be stored under the 

 same roof with the cattle. 



The feeding and water troughs may be of galvanized 

 iron, capable of being removed for washing, while the 

 tying up method should be the short length of chain on 

 the vertical rod fixed to the stall division, and attached at 

 the other end by a strap around the animal's neck. 



We have not touched on the question of ventilation, these 

 buildings are not under the influence of any regulations, and 

 practically no ventilation exists, excepting by such channels 

 as may accidentally occur ; but the principles previously laid 

 down of inlets in the wall and outlets in the roof hold good. 



When the roof is flat, through other places being over- 

 head, ventilation can be carried on by opposite windows 

 should they exist, or by outlets carried through the rooms 

 above and opening on the roof, but this latter, as we have 

 previously seen, is unsatisfactory. 



Cattle Boxes may be arranged in a double row with a 

 passage down the centre for the tram line, or they may 

 form two or three sides of a square opening into a covered 

 yard : the tramway in this case running between the wall 

 and manger as in Fig. 138. 



As a method of fattening there are many authorities who 

 consider them superior to stalls, but it is to be feared that 

 the prejudice in favour of boxes is largely based on the 

 manure they are capable of furnishing, and not because 

 they afford increased accommodation. 



The ordinary fattening box is ten or twelve feet square, 

 sometimes a little smaller, and not more than six feet 

 high ; between each box is a dwarf wall of brickwork two 

 or three feet high, and the separation is completed by 

 wooden rails, arranged horizontally, carried up to the 

 roof. 



The floor is dug out below the level of the outside ground 

 and lined with concrete, so as to leave a depth of two or 

 three feet below the ground level. This is done for the 



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