STATE HYGIENE 493 



in a line hundreds of miles long were necessarily 

 numerous. 



The next important step is to establish a second cordon 

 some distance outside the first, and all cattle within this 

 should be immunised in the first instance by bile inocula- 

 tion, or by serum and virulent blood. These materials will 

 be dealt with presently, the point at present to insist on is 

 an inoculated area around the zone of infection, and move- 

 ments of animals either in or out of this area should be 

 rendered impossible. 



As we must suppose the disease does not exist in the 

 outer zone, the system of isolation of the occupants of the 

 farms need not be carried out, though no movements of 

 cattle of any kind should be permitted. 



The guiding principles of preventing the spread of this 

 and allied diseases are : (1) The destruction of all affected 

 and susceptible animals in the affected place, and the com- 

 plete isolation of all human beings and other animals ; 

 (2) the establishment of an outer zone, the security of 

 which it is endeavoured to obtain by inoculation, and the 

 stoppage of all animal movements. In this way a protected 

 area surrounds the affected place. 



It is impossible to believe that if this disease again found 

 its way into England only one centre of affection could 

 occur. The probability is that there would be several, but 

 the principles are the same in each as stated above. 



While all this is being carried out, the affected place is 

 being disinfected. For the details of this process the 

 chapter on ' Disinfection ' should be referred to. 



It is important to bear in mind that the entire destruc- 

 tion of all manure should be carried out ; it is not possible 

 to differentiate between that from diseased and that from 

 healthy animals. Every particle must be destroyed by fire, 

 with the aid of paraffin if necessary, and any deposited on 

 the land must be collected and destroyed. 



If the affected area be considered as comprising the inner 

 and outer zones, the affected district is the one in which 

 the area is situated. 



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