590 VETERINAEY HYGIENE 



dung, litter or other things effectually removed, and the above routine 

 method carried out. 



As previously noted, all dung, litter, broken fodder, etc., from an 

 infected place, van, vehicle, etc., must be burned or otherwise destroyed, 

 and where practicable buried. 



The usual facilities are to be given by owners or occupiers for 

 cleaning or disinfection, or it becomes an offence against the Act. 



It is unlawful to expose a diseased or suspected animal in a sale- 

 yard, or other public place where animals are sold ; or to place it 

 adjacent to healthy animals in places usually used for putting animals 

 before sale ; or to send a diseased or suspected animal by road, rail, 

 vessel, highway or thoroughfare ; or to place a diseased or affected 

 animal on any commonage, or insufficiently-fenced field, or to allow a 

 diseased or suspected animal to stray. 



The Order by a special provision brings all animals, equines, rumi- 

 nants, and swine, under the Act for the purpose of the powers of 

 inspectors and police, but not for compensation. 



The Act assumes that the owner or person in charge of an animal is 

 presumed to know of the existence of the disease, unless it can be 

 shown that he had no knowledge thereof, and could not with reasonable 

 diligence have obtained it. 



The offences are moving animals in contravention of the Order, 

 removing, burying or destroying a carcase, or allowing an animal to 

 stray in order to defeat the operation of the Order. 



QUAETER-EVIL. 



This is a disease which for some time was confused with 

 anthrax, and hence was spoken of as symptomatic anthrax. 

 There is nothing of the nature of anthrax in it ; it is quite 

 a distinct disease, possessing many features entirely at 

 variance with that disease. 



The organism to which it is due can live apart from the 

 body, and its habitat is the soil. In the soil it can multiply, 

 and marshy or wet ground is particularly adapted to its 

 growth. In these conditions it resembles anthrax, but its 

 mode of infection is very different. Quarter-evil cannot be 

 conveyed by ingestion ; food and water may be freely mixed 

 with affected material without producing the disease ; nor 

 can it be caused by simply skin inoculation: it is only 

 when the virus is inserted into the subcutaneous tissues 

 that infection is certain, and here the smallest particle of 



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