596 VETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



calves on a farm being carried off, and even should any 

 recover Mettam records the frequency of a fatal pneumonia 

 occurring in such. 



It is important to observe that ' White Scour ' should not 

 be confused with the form of diarrhosa to which calves are 

 liable three or four weeks after birth ; the two conditions 

 are quite distinct. 



Whereas Nocard and Mettam regard the umbilicus as the 

 chief source of infection, McFadyean and others look to the 

 mouth as the principal means by which the organism gains 

 entrance to the body, while the chief vehicle of infection is 

 the diarrhoeal discharges of affected calves. That these 

 discharges are infective appears beyond all doubt. 



The disease may be introduced by new purchases affected 

 with the disorder, some of which may have been sold owing 

 to the disease breaking out on some other farm, and are got 

 rid of before they contract it. 



A consensus of evidence points to the filthy surround- 

 ings of the calving box as mainly responsible, and the 

 uncleanliness of those in attendance. The infection may 

 be conveyed by the attendants from diseased to healthy 

 calves, and this must be regarded as a common cause of 

 infection. 



So great have been the losses amongst some farmers from 

 this disease, that the cows have been turned out into the 

 open to calve and take their chance, and this has been 

 attended by the best results. 



In controlling this disease what we have to look to are 

 the hygienic surroundings of the calving box and calf shed ; 

 where a case of the disease has occurred the most thorough 

 disinfection should be practised, flooring, bedding, walls, 

 feeding trough, etc. 



Not a portion of these should escape disinfection, on the 

 lines laid down in the chapter dealing with this subject, and 

 where the place does not lend itself to disinfection it should 

 be abandoned as a calving place. 



We should also take care that thorough disinfection 

 of the umbilicus of the calf is practised, and the parts 

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