STATE HYGIENE 599 



known to be present, of preventing the disease from being 

 introduced among sound sheep, is the isolation of all new 

 purchases for a month. Further, at such times it is well to 

 regard all sheep which have been sent to market and brought 

 back again as possibly affected, and deal with them on the 

 above lines as suspects. 



EPIZOOTIC DISEASES DUE TO PASTEUEELLA. 



Pasteurella organisms are known to affect a large variety 

 of animals, and to give rise to a group of diseases originally 

 known as Hsemorrhagic Septicaemias. According to Nocard 

 Pasteurelloses may be classified as follows : 



Pasteurelloses of Horse — Influenza, Infectious Pneu- 

 monia. 



Pasteurelloses of Cattle — Septic Pleuro-pneumonia of 

 Calves, Diarrhoea of Calves. 



Pasteurella of Sheep — Pneumo-enteritis observed in the 

 Argentine.* 



Pasteurelloses of Swine — Contagious Pneumonia, Swine 

 Plague, Swine Septicaemia. 



Pasteurella of Dogs — -Distemper. 



The above organisms are known as cocco-bacteria, 

 and give identical cultural and morphological character- 

 istics, which enable them to be grouped into one family. 

 They are very universally distributed, and may be found 

 in food, soil, and water, also in the respiratory and digestive 

 tracts of the body. Ordinarily they are saprophytes, but 

 they are capable of becoming parasites, and herein their 

 hygienic interest lies. 



The pasteurella of the horse may be found as a sapro- 

 phyte in the nasal chambers, and under ordinary con- 

 ditions appears to do no harm, but under others, it is 

 capable of producing toxins which infect the body, and 

 though these toxins give rise to no specific symptoms, yet 



* There is a pasteurella of the goat, an infectious pneumonia, 

 observed by Hutcheon in 1881 in Cape Colony it has also been seen 

 in India. 



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