STATE HYGIENE 603 



of apparently healthy animals, the chances of totally 

 eradicating the disease are very small if not impossible. 



The strict isolation of the class of case we have referred 

 to, the disinfection of buckets and mangers, destruction of 

 bedding, with separate attendants for the sick, are measures 

 of the utmost importance, the rigidity with which they are 

 enforced depending on the nature of the case. 



For instance, the bedding in strangles gets freely infected 

 when the abscess is opened, the manger, door, wall above 

 and below the manger, and water-bucket are constantly 

 exposed to infection, both in this and acute catarrh. 



The greatest care should be taken to prevent buckets 

 being dipped in the trough for the purpose of refilling, or 

 the entire water-supply may become contaminated. All 

 buckets should be filled at taps, all rejected food destroyed, 

 the manger and walls around liberally disinfected daily, 

 and any place where the animal persistently stands should 

 be similarly treated. 



Of actual preventive measures a polyvalent vaccine 

 introduced by Lignieres is mentioned in Gray's address, 

 as conferring immunity in the horse and other animals 

 against the pasteurella. 



For strangles, pneumonia, and purpuric complications, a 

 polyvalent anti-streptococcic serum is used as a curative ; 

 but this is the pathological and not the hygienic side of the 

 case.* 



MALAKIAL CATABBHAL PEVEB OP SHEEP. 



This is an epizootic disease of sheep in South Africa, due 

 to an organism which can be transmitted to the calf and 

 from the calf to the sheep. 



The blood of recovered sheep possesses antitoxic proper- 

 ties. This fact has been taken advantage of in adopting a 

 system of protective inoculation, devised by Mr. Spreull of 



* In the above account it has been assumed that the views of 

 Ligniferes are correct. But several objections have been urged against 

 his theory both of distemper and influenza. 



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