610 VETEEINAKY HYGIENE 



intercourse. Gall-sickness is confined to cattle, and not at 

 present known outside South Africa. Mai de caderas is a 

 disease of horses in South America, which shows itself by 

 by progressive paralysis of the hind-quarters, and anasmia. 



Surra is very widely distributed in India and Burmah, 

 where it causes at times immense loss. Infection probably 

 occurs from animal to animal through some biting insect, 

 and may readily be conveyed by inoculation. The disease 

 is attended by a marked progressive anaemia, and is 

 invariably fatal. No protective measures are known; 

 excepting to move animals out of those districts where the 

 disease is enzootic. 



Tse-tse disease is positively known to be conveyed from 

 animal to animal by a blood-sucking fly (see p. 427). The 

 fly obtains the organism from the blood of wild cattle, 

 which though themselves immune, have the organism in 

 their blood. The symptoms are much the same as in 

 Surra, viz., progressive anaemia, and the disease is invari- 

 ably fatal. There are large belts in Africa along the coast- 

 line, and in low-lying districts, where no domesticated 

 animal can live owing to this parasitic pest, and this will 

 continue so long as game is preserved. 



Maladie de edit is a well-known disease in some parts of 

 Europe, though fortunately the United Kingdom has hitherto 

 escaped infection. It is a most serious source of loss in 

 breeding establishments. The disease progresses very 

 slowly, and it is said may lie dormant in the system as 

 long as a year before manifesting itself. Besides the local 

 lesions on the generative organs, there are paralytic symp- 

 toms and progressive anaemia. There is no question but 

 that all animals affected with the disease should be de- 

 stroyed, and their surroundings thoroughly disinfected. 

 This is the only known trypanosomata disease transmitted 

 by contact. 



Gall-sickness is an excessively common disease among 

 cattle in South Africa. Many diseases are confused under 

 this term, but Theiler has proved the existence of a 

 trypanosome in the blood, and has infected animals by 



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