646 VETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



from extraneous organisms (Figs. 192, 193), but retaining 

 its virulence and protective properties intact. Further, it is 

 now also established that the intense inflammation of the 

 vaccination area, which was so prominent a feature in the 

 past, was to a great extent due to those organisms, which 

 by the glycerine method are eliminated. 



It has also recently been demonstrated (Dr. Alan Green), 

 that these organisms may be rapidly got rid of by the 

 judicious use of chloroform vapour, and that when necessary 

 large quantities of lymph may be thereby rapidly rendered 

 suitable for use immediately after collection. Many varieties 

 of extraneous organisms are present in all lymphs, but those 

 which are specially alluded to are the Staphylococci aureus, 

 albus, and cereus albus, being the varieties most commonly 

 seen ; the other organisms found, being quite innocuous, may 

 be left out of the question. 



The employment of calf vaccine lymph is becoming more 

 general every year, and, indeed, this is not to be wondered 

 at, as apart from the efficient protection from small- 

 pox which it confers, one makes certain that all risk of 

 conveying vaccino-syphilis or tuberculosis is avoided ; the 

 first disease does not exist among animals, and the second 

 can be detected by the use of tuberculin and by post- 

 mortem examination. It is, however, a very rare condition 

 in calves. 



The results of vaccination and re-vaccination with calf 

 lymph show a very high percentage of success, the most 

 recent statistics published giving a case success of 98*2 per 

 cent, and an insertion success of 93"7 per cent, for about 

 750,000 vaccinations, of which 525,000 were primary and 

 225,000 were re-vaccinations. 



The protection afforded may be best illustrated by our 

 Army and Navy, both of which services are supplied with 

 calf lymph, and although necessarily exposed as much as 

 or more than other members of the community to small- 

 pox infection, are free from the disease. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



