MUNICIPAL HYGIENE 681 



into the cylinder. The temperature to which the meat 

 is raised is ascertained by a pyrometer inserted into the 

 middle of the thickest piece, which works an electric bell 

 outside the apparatus when the desired temperature is 

 reached. 



This apparatus can also be used as a destructor by allow- 

 ing the steam to only enter the jacket, by which means the 

 cylinder is formed into a drying chamber, and the destruction 

 of meat unfit for consumption can be effected. 



In the reference given above, the whole matter is very 

 fully dealt with, and various forms of destructor figured. 



In Germany the work of destruction of diseased meat 

 unfit for human consumption, is so arranged that the useful 

 material from it, fat, glue, bone-meal, meat-meal, etc., is 

 extracted so as to assist in covering the cost of destruction. 

 This is a more economical system than putting the carcase 

 into a furnace and only recovering the ashes. 



The Podewill destructor (Fig. 195) consists of a rotating 

 cylinder having a steam jacket. After the apparatus is 

 filled at a manhole, the cover is replaced, and steam 

 admitted at 320° F., with a pressure of 60 lbs. to 90 lbs. 

 In the course of three or four hours sterilization is com- 

 pleted, and the fat, having separated is drawn off. The 

 next step is to dry and crush the contents of the cylinder, 

 and for this purpose steam is allowed to enter the jacket 

 only ; the cylinder is rotated, and a roller inside crushes 

 and grinds the material. After seven or ten hours of 

 this process the material, flesh, horns, bones, etc., are 

 reduced to powder, the cover is removed from the man- 

 hole, and sacks are filled from below. There is no odour 

 from the apparatus as everything is done under air-tight 

 conditions. 



The destruction of unsound meat at Glasgow, was at 

 one time effected by placing it in a solution of picric acid 

 and iron sulphate for several hours, but it was found that 

 this did not penetrate more than the one-sixteenth of an 

 inch, and that the removal of the surface was sufficient to 

 obliterate all traces of the dipping. 



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