MUNICIPAL HYGIENE 687 



Malcolm* has written fully on the question of the inspec- 

 tion of dairy stock, of which subject he is an acknowledged 

 specialist. He states that in no other way, under existing 

 permissive legislation, is it possible to meet a case like 

 the above, than by municipal authorities having the right 

 to inspect the dairy stock of any milkman who sells milk 

 within their jurisdiction without waiting for the order of 

 a justice. Such legislation if obtained would be very 

 far reaching, and exercise a wholesome control which at 

 present does not exist in rural districts, entirely owing to 

 conservative instincts, and the fear entertained of private 

 interests suffering. 



Malcolm shows how as the result of his inspection of 

 dairy stock in Birmingham the general health of the cows 

 improved, due, as he points out, to the fact that dairymen 

 exercised more care in the selection of stock for purchase, 

 when they realized that systematic inspection brought to 

 light defects in their herd. 



He dwells on the importance of the veterinary inspector 

 possessing the confidence and respect of the cow-keeper, 

 and this can only be secured by an impartial and con- 

 siderate discharge of his duties, by his knowledge of the 

 subject, and his quick detection of abnormal conditions. 

 He must know more of the subject than the cow-man, and 

 this holds good through the whole range of veterinary 

 work. 



It is necessary in the inspection of dairy stock that 

 something more than looking at the udder should be 

 carried put. It is true that any marked departure in size 

 or shape can be seen by inspection, but the most important 

 condition which requires early diagnosis, viz., tuberculosis 

 and parenchymatous mastitis, can only be determined by a 

 manual examination of the gland and an inspection of its 

 secretion. 



The following conditions of the udder are described, 

 and though it is slightly departing from the general plan 



* ' Veterinary Dairy Inspection,' by Mr. J. Malcolm, P.B.C.V.S., 

 Journal of Comparative Pathology, vol. xiv., part i., 1901. 



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