720 VETERINAEY HYGIENE 



jacketed vessels, instead of open pans where the fire plays 

 direct and offensive steam is generated. If pans be used 

 they must be capable of closing, while the vapours should 

 pass out through a special flue, and be conducted through 

 the fire chamber, where they are destroyed by combustion. 



The liberal use of disinfectants suggests itself in 

 knackeries, but there must be a limit to their applicability; 

 in the case of flesh it might render the surface poisonous 

 or unsaleable, and the other products might conceivably not 

 be improved from a manufacturer's point of view, by liberal 

 dosing with crude carbolic acid. 



But there is no reason why this should not be practised 

 as a routine method to walls and flooring, as often as 

 possible during the week. 



There should be a time limit for stale bones, fat, blood, 

 and offal generally ; all these should be placed in air-tight 

 galvanized vessels for removal to the manufacturer's ; hides 

 should not be allowed to accumulate but rapidly passed on 

 to the tanner. 



Such are the hygienic conditions which are necessary, 

 and more frequently than not unattainable. A knackery is 

 not like an abattoir where definite working hours exist, 

 with definite days for slaughtering ; the knacker's work is 

 continuous seven days a week and often day and night, so 

 that opportunities for a general clean down are not frequent. 



Cleanliness should be the keynote, the early removal of 

 all offal and manure is the first step in this direction. The 

 separation of the cooking apparatus from the slaughter- 

 house should be insisted upon, as the high temperature 

 generated by the furnace and boiler are both detrimental 

 to the preservation of the tissues. Overcrowding should be 

 avoided, a given area will only accommodate a certain 

 number of workers ; the sanitary limit of each institu- 

 tion should be determined by the floor space, the number 

 of men employed, and the number of hours throughout the 

 twenty-four during which work goes on. By increasing the 

 floor space better sanitation would be possible. 



It is convenient here to briefly consider the method by 



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