CAEE AND MANAGEMENT OF ANIMALS 791 



the wet sand of a seashore may be taken as examples. A 

 sudden blow to the foot while the leg is off the ground may 

 fracture the pastern. We have seen it occur from striking 

 a hurdle in ' running out ' from a jump, and from the foot 

 striking the skirting board in the riding school during a 

 jump. Fracture may also occur through a fall on slippery 

 pavements. In these cases the legs are taken from under 

 the animal, which falls heavily on its side, and frequently 

 fractures the pelvis. Fractures of the first rib may also 

 occur from falls on the breast caused by stumbling. 

 Heavy weights like the wheel of a waggon passing over the 

 coronet or foot may fracture the bones within, while the 

 face may be fractured from injuries received while running 

 away. 



DISEASES DUE TO SPECIAL CALLINGS. 



These are rather an interesting group of injuries or 

 diseases due to the special work the animal is called upon to 

 perform. Injuries frequent in one class of horse may be 

 quite unknown in another. 



Eace Horses are very liable to sprains of the flexors and 

 ligaments of the fore legs, to fracture of the pastern, to 

 splints, and from their youth and severe work, to osteitis 

 of the metacarpals. Hunters are liable to sprains, splints, 

 spavins, foot lameness, curbs, thorns in the legs, exhaustion, 

 lung trouble, and ' roaring.' Saddle horses and Hacks 

 to much the same as the hunter, with broken knees, 

 brushing, and speedy cutting added to the list. Cab 

 horses sprains, spavins, ringbones, navicular disease, 

 pneumonia and pleurisy, broken knees, bent legs, colic, 

 and enteritis. Bus horses much the same as cab horses, 

 with sidebones added. Heavy draught horses are liable to 

 colic and chest trouble, quitters, canker, sprain of sub- 

 carpal ligament, sidebones, ringbone, grease, mallenders, 

 and sallenders. Those employed on railways suffer from 

 shunting injuries, fractures of the ribs and pelvis, laceration 

 and crushing of the feet, and even the entire internal foot 

 pulled out of the horny case through the hoof getting fixed 



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