792 VETERINAEY HYGIENE 



in the points. Farm horses suifer from shoulder slip 

 caused through one leg being in the furrow when plough- 

 ing ; colic is also very prevalent, pneumonia and pleurisy 

 rare ; grease, thrush, and other diseases due to neglect are 

 frequent. 



Army horses suffer from saddle and collar galls, galls 

 in the heels from the method by which they are tied 

 up, fractures from kicks, laminitis from severe work on 

 unconditioned bodies ; every variety of lameness both of 

 tendons, ligaments, and bones ; pneumonia and pleurisy 

 are moderately common, ' roaring ' is prevalent ; intestinal 

 and stomach trouble frequent, but less so than in civil 

 life, excepting where animals have been living in the open, 

 and have taken up dirt and gravel with their food. If we 

 take the army horse in India he is liable to unhealthy sores 

 (bursattee), anthrax, Filaria oculi, surra, specific lymphan- 

 gitis, capped elbow, colic and enteritis, ruptured stomach, 

 and intestinal twists. In South Africa to bilious fever, 

 'Horse Sickness,' specific lymphangitis, lameness (especially 

 laminitis), specific ophthalmia, and osteoporosis. 



Ponies in hot dusty coal mines suffer from asthma and 

 frequently broken wind ; pneumonia is rare. Injuries or 

 ' bumps ' on the knees are very common, due to slipping on 

 the sleepers during draught ; in consequence of the enlarge- 

 ment of the knees many cannot lie down, and stumbling 

 over sleepers becomes more common. Eyes get knocked out 

 against projecting pieces of rock or coal ; while the spine 

 may be bruised and the poll lacerated from contact with 

 the timber supporting the roof of the roadway. Miners' 

 lung is practically unknown, though many spend their lives 

 down the pit. The effect on the eyes of living some years 

 in the dark is to cause a bleaching of the choroid (Woods.)* 



Horses that work in copper mines, or that graze in the 

 vicinity of copper-smelting works, are liable to arsenical 

 poisoning. Copper smoke contains 68% arsenious acid, 

 and this may be inhaled, or more commonly taken in with 

 the herbage. The effect on horses (and cattle) is to pro- 



* See p. 37. 



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