838 VETERINAEY HYGIENE 



encouraged, and very soon learns what is required from 

 him. 



The little we have to say about bulls may conveniently 

 be considered here. The adult requires exercise daily, the 

 diet excepting during the season of service should be light, 

 grass when available, hay, sliced roots, and if necessary a 

 little cake and meal. Water should be at hand, and 

 grooming should not be forgotten. During the summer he 

 should be in a well fenced or walled paddock, with a shed 

 for protection. 



' Bulls are great thinkers and have wonderfully retentive memories ; 

 they must not be played with, teased, or ill used, the temper of many a 

 bull has been ruined by such treatment. Do not make an unnecessary 

 fuss about the bull. Be gentle, yet firm without harshness, and he 

 behaves like a gentleman ; use him roughly or strike him wantonly 

 and he will certainly never forget it, but will wait his time and pay it 

 back with compound interest ' (Stephenson). 



Feeding of Cows.* 



It was first proposed by Lawes that dairy stock should 

 be fed according to their yield of milk. It was calculated 

 that it required 4 lbs. cake and 4 lbs. bran to contain the 

 ingredients in 3 gallons of milk, and this was fixed as the 

 food basis for a three gallon production. For each rise or 

 fall of 2 lbs. of milk one-quarter of a pound of each is added 

 or taken off ; so that a cow yielding only 2 gallons instead 

 of 3 would have 1i^ lbs. less of each food, viz., 2| lbs. each of 

 cake and bran, while a cow yielding 4 gallons of milk would 

 receive 5-^ lbs. of each food. 



To carry out this scheme a milk register has to be kept, 

 a system which exists in all well-conducted dairies, and it 

 has been shown that considerable saving in food may under 

 this scheme be effected. Lawes first pointed out that the 

 fluctuating yield of milk of each cow, from the time of calving 

 to that of dryness, gives more scope for economy in the 

 feeding of milking cows than in the fattening of oxen. 



The following method or system of feeding cows in milk, 

 * See also p. 133. 



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