842 VETERINAEY HYGIENE 



In Scotland nothing but turnips and oat straw are given 

 through the winter (see p. 262). The roots are given in 

 the morning between 8 and 10 o'clock, and again in the 

 afternoon between 2 and 3 o'clock ; but it is better to feed 

 with roots three times a day, viz., 6 a.m., 10 a.m., and 

 3 p.m., as the cattle are more contented. The straw is 

 given between 5 and 6 a.m., 11 and 12 noon, and between 

 8 and 4 p.m., with sometimes a fourth feed of straw between 

 6 and 8 p.m. 



When the spring arrives the young animals are turned 

 out on the pastures, but frequent shiftings are necessary. 

 Shelter sheds from sun, rain, or flies throughout the 

 summer are very desirable. The most difficult time for 

 the grazier is the autumn when the grass is short and the 

 pastures dried up. It is essential in order to avoid loss of 

 condition that hand feeding should at this time be prac- 

 tised, unless the farmer has some reserve crop to fall back 

 on. The finishing off of the animals for the market may 

 now be made by means of meal, cake, roots, hay or straw. 



Purchased store cattle can be kept in good thriving con- 

 dition during the winter on 3 lbs. cake, half being given at 

 6 a.m. and half at 1 p.m., with 50 lbs. roots, divided into 

 two rations, about 9 a.m. and 3 p.m., and plenty of cut 

 straw or hay three to four times a day. Later on, as the 

 period for slaughter approaches, cake and grain are given, 

 either singly, or mixed, from 4 lbs. to 6 lbs. daily, in two 

 equal feeds in the early morning and afternoon. 



A well-known Scotch breeder employs all his roots in a 

 pulped condition for fattening cattle, and mixes them 

 with the other food ; the animals in the first instance are 

 sparingly fed with this pulped mixture, as they are liable to 

 overdo themselves. 



The pulped mixture consists of : 



Oat straw or chaff. . . ... ... 14 



Pulped roots ... ... ... 56 



Cotton cake, decorticated ... 4 



Molasses or locust bean meal ... li 



Lbs... 



"Well mixed together, 

 turned over two or three 

 ■ times, and allowed to fer- 

 ment for 24 hours before 



75J 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



