CAKE AND MANAGEMENT OF ANIMALS 847 



Straw as much as it can eat with a few roots. 



The diet is increased with age, but the golden rule in 

 cattle feeding is never forgotten. 



In the winter the animals must be housed and made 

 comfortable, but not too hot. 



In the summer they are turned on to the pastures, but if 

 the weather is hot it is preferable to turn them on only at 

 night. 



Show or other animals fed on milk, sugar, and condi- 

 ments, are unsatisfactory. Milk develops a soft fat instead 

 of a hard firm feel ; sugar for breeding animals is said to 

 affect their procreating functions, while there is abundant 

 evidence that condiments are perfectly useless for the 

 purpose for which they are given. 



Cattle House Iloutine. — The routine of the farm may 

 here be considered. The first duty in the early morning 

 is the removal of the dung from the stalls of the cow byre, 

 in order that milking may be carried out. The fattening 

 stock are then attended to, every trough being cleared out 

 of any refuse food it contains, and a fresh supply of roots 

 given. This work must be done systematically, and always 

 in the same definite order, by which means the cattle are 

 not disturbed or disappointed by being kept waiting ; they 

 soon learn the system employed, and provided punctuality 

 is observed they are patient. 



From the fattening stock the bulls and extra cattle in 

 courts or hammels may be attended to, the same routine of 

 clearing out the troughs and supplying with roots being 

 observed. 



The heifers in calf and cows are frequently not given roots 

 the first thing in the morning, but only straw or hay, and 

 during the time this is being eaten the stalls are thoroughly 

 cleaned out, the gutters swept clean, and the material re- 

 moved from the building. Straw or hay is believed to be 

 the best foundation for roots which now follow, each cow 

 being fed in a definite order which is always maintained. 

 If some straw can be spared for litter it is put down in the 

 stalls, but frequently this cannot be afforded, though other 



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