CHAPTEE XV 



TEANSPOET BY SEA AND LAND 



If vessels could be built solely for carrying animals, there 

 would be but little difficulty in arranging them so as to 

 afford comfort, cleanliness, and a moderate amount of fresh 

 air ; but ships are built for purposes of general utility, and 

 the cattle boat of one voyage becomes the cargo boat of the 

 next. 



Ships are built to carry cargo and not animals, and 

 when they are required for the latter purpose improvised 

 methods have to be adopted, excepting in those boats which 

 are built to carry cargo, and arranged with an eye to 

 carrying animals if required. The only arrangements they 

 receive for this purpose (and they are of the utmost utility) , 

 is giving a sufficient height between decks, and laying down 

 in the construction of the vessel, permanent cants which 

 can be utilized for stall or pen fittings if needed. 



Selection of a Vessel. — As a rule it is a general-utility 

 vessel which has to be selected, and the points of impor- 

 tance to inquire into before determining on the chartering, 

 are the sea-going capabilities of the boat (which are always 

 spoken of in the highest terms by the ship's officers, even 

 if she be the veriest tub), her height between decks, the 

 size of the hatchways, and the speed of the vessel. 



A ship for animal transport cannot be too steady ; a 

 certain tonnage is desirable, and ten tons per horse and 

 man is the Government allowance, so that for 400 horses 

 a ship of 4,000 tons is necessary. But 400 horses, although 

 they take up a great deal of room, are very light as cargo 



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