904 



VETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



according to Martin,* by the fact that the main deck is 

 practically on a level with the water, while the lower deck 

 is below the surface of the water ; the one is heated by the 

 sun in the tropics and gets unbearable, the other is kept 

 moderately cool by immersion. This may be so, but it 

 must also be borne in mind that the deeper one descends 

 in a vessel the less motion is experienced. 



We are compelled to recognise that the ordinary system 

 of natural ventilation adopted for animal transports at sea 

 is gravely defective ; by dint of perpetual care, attention to 

 windsails, bell-mouth ventilators, scuttles, windscoops, and 

 clearing hatchways of every obstruction, we can succeed in 

 keeping matters going, but the system is most defective. 



Fittings.- — The fittings for cattle ships are pens eleven 



Fig. 210. — Portion of Deck Plan, showing four rows of horses. A is the 

 ship's side ; B, the gangways, on the proper widtli of which the 

 successful management of the horses depends. 



feet long by nine wide, the cattle in them are tied by the 

 head, overcrowding is prohibited by law, and every animal 

 must have room to feed and lie down. Eor a full account 

 of what the law demands for cattle boats, see the section 

 dealing with Legislation at the end of this chapter. 



Horses may be carried in pens of three or four, or as in 

 army transports in stalls. Stalls are placed along the sides 

 of the vessel and down the centre ; depending on the width 

 of beam there may be four stalls across the vessel or three. 

 With four stalls in the beam there is a row on either side 

 and two rows in the centre ; the horses' heads in all cases 

 facing towards a passage running on the port and starboard 

 side (Fig. 210). 



■•' ' Transport of Horses by Sea,' by Captain E. E. Martin, A.V.D. 



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