914 VETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



pass, which they can readily do. This frequently necessi- 

 tates men placed at an interval of every three or four horses 

 to control them. They can sit on the side bar between 

 the stall, there is no room in the gangway for them. 



Exercise on board is the essence of ship management for 

 all horses, but especially military, because it facilitates 

 their being got in condition on arrival, it stops laminitis, 

 it eases the joints, and regulates the bowels. It takes time, 

 but as soldiers have nothing else to do, this is unimportant. 



We are particular in impressing the necessity for a 3-feet 

 gangway. In Government transports a 2-foot passage 

 between the horses and the ship's side is provided for, but 

 is perfectly unnecessary. Half the space thus taken up 

 may be thrown into the ordinary gangway of 2 feet, and 

 the remaining half used to lengthening the stalls. 



There should be no difficulty in arranging a mechanical 

 device for exercising horses on board a ship, so that some 

 other pace than a walk could be got out of them. The 

 principle to employ for this purpose is a revolving endless 

 platform arranged as an inclined plane, up which the horse 

 has to climb ; at every step the platform passes from 

 beneath his feet and acts as a treadmill. There is nothing 

 novel in this suggestion; something similar was used before 

 the days of steam for the purpose of grinding corn or other 

 mechanical effects, and was worked by horses. The inclined 

 plane, which was as steep as 1 in 4, was arranged either in 

 a series of low steps, or the steps were replaced by a level 

 tread; the latter was generally considered best for the 

 animal's limbs. This equine treadmill was on wheels, and 

 carried about to different parts of the farm where horse- 

 power was needed. 



Professors Zuntz and Lehmann of Berlin, used a some- 

 what similar contrivance when inquiring into the chemistry 

 of respiration in the horse ; they were also able to regulate 

 the speed of their platform, so as to produce something 

 resembling the faster paces. 



Drainage.— The drainage of the horse decks is simple and 

 defective. The platform on which the horse stands does 



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