TEANSPOET BY SEA AND LAND 929 



Cattle. 



In the conveyance of Show cattle by rail, it is generally 

 considered that with the ordinary cattle trains running in 

 connection with Exhibitions, the risk of contracting disease 

 is very great as these trains pick up all comers ; we do not 

 know that there is much evidence bearing on this point. 



If horned cattle are carried in the ordinary horse box 

 instead of cattle trucks, they are liable to knock a horn off 

 against the hinged partition which is used to separate the 

 horses' heads, unless this is unshipped or so secured as to 

 be out of harm's way. Failing this it is better to turn the 

 animals' heads the other way, allowing them just sufficient 

 rope to lie down. All small cattle, calves, heifers, or young 

 bulls, should invariably be turned round and tied the 

 reverse way, as when frightened by the train they are liable 

 to double themselves up, and get their bodies wedged 

 between the front of the partition and the wall of the horse 

 box (Houseman*). 



In the conveyance of ordinary cattle by rail, there has 

 been vast improvement within recent years owing to legis- 

 lative enactments, the result of public opinion. Injuries 

 during shunting are now less frequent, and animals arrive 

 at markets in a saleable condition. 



LEGISLATION. 



The Animals (Transit and General) Order of 1895 deals not only 

 with transit by Sea, but also by Bail and Boad. 



It directs that every railway vehicle used for carrying any animal 

 shall be provided with two spring buffers at each end ; the floor of the 

 vehicle shaU be Uttered or sanded, or provided with battens or other 

 proper foothold. 



No overcrowding in any railway vehicle is permitted. 



Between the 1st Nov. and the 30th April sheep which have been 

 shorn within sixty days, are not to be carried in any uncovered railway 

 vehicle. 



A horse box used for horses, asses, or mules, shall on every occasion 

 after use be cleansed before any other animal is placed therein. All 



* ' Cattle Breeds and Management ': Live Stock Handbooks, No. 4. 



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