130 Veterinary Obstetrics 



tide is in its normal position, such a new growth reveals itself 

 as a very tense swelling, inclined to be more or less nodular, not 

 very painful, but does not tend to cause any marked swelling of 

 the surrounding parts. The affected gland becomes sterile as 

 soon as the glandular tissue is generally invaded and, probably, 

 in a large proportion of cases, as soon as any increased pressure 

 is exerted upon the parenchyma of the gland. 



When tumors of any kind involve the testicle to a marked de- 

 gree and determine its loss of function, it should be promptly 

 removed for general curative reasons as well as to anticipate 

 any unfavorable influence which it may exert upon the other 

 gland. 



The prognosis in case of maglinant tumor of the testicle is 

 good if the gland be removed early, because the disease tends to 

 be confined clo.sely to the gland itself for a considerable period 

 of time. The fertility of the normal gland may thus be pre- 

 served for an indefinite period. 



2. Orchitis and Epididymitis are not readily distinguishable 

 clinically as distinct affections. So far as we are aware, they 

 are due to essentially the same causes, present similar symptoms 

 and have like dangers for the fertility' of the animal. Judging 

 from the standpoint of post-castration observations, it would ap- 

 pear that, in the stallion at least, epididymitis is more common 

 than orchitis. (See Fig. 15). 



Inflammation ; of the testicle and epididymis arise from a great 

 variety of cau.ses. In all animals, external wounds are liable to 

 cause inflammations of the gland especially when occurring dur- 

 ing the active breeding season. Scrotal wounds, especially those 

 penetrating the peritoneal sac of the testicle are very liable to 

 terminate in an inflammation of the glandular tissue. 



Contusions of the testicles without wounds of the skin are 

 more or less common in domestic animals and may at all times 

 lead to orchitis. In ruminants, and especially in the ram, where 

 the scrotum is sometimes large and very pendulous, the testicles 

 are bruised by coniing in contact with obtacles or by being 

 violently struck by one of the hind limbs and thence thrown 

 against the other during rapid progession In the stallion, es- 

 pecially in trotters used for track purposes, there is a well 

 marked tendency for contusion of the testicles to occur by being 

 thrown from one thigh to the other when the animal is going at 



