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nancies, in many instances to a marked degree, we observed now 

 and then — and these cases afford striking evidence — that sinking 

 of the hips and pregnancy are not incompatible. We also now 

 and then see the so-called false estrum, especially during the 

 second half of pregnancy, probably as the result of active hy- 

 peraemia of the genital canal. We have observed this false 

 estrum continue throughout the period of pregnancy and, accord- 

 ing to our observations, it is very similar to the normal estrum 

 of non-pregnant cows. In one cow in which there was sinking 

 of the right broad pelvic ligament throughout pregnancy there 

 was a constant sexual excitement, as evidenced by her mounting 

 other cows. We here recognized a salpingitis of the right 

 oviduct, which had not prevented conception. In another case, a 

 cow five months pregnant had to be returned home from the 

 mountain pasture because she constantly permitted the bulls to 

 copulate with her. 



We recognize the abnormal sinking of the broad ligaments in 

 the following diseased conditions : in 92 % of the cases of ovarial 

 cysts as well as in advanced fibrous degeneration of the ovaries, 

 in hydrops tubarum (cystic distension of oviducts) with sound 

 ovaries, in acute and chronic catarrhal and purulent metritis, 

 pyometra, prolapsus of the vaginal portion of the uterus, vaginal 

 prolapse, infectious nodular metritis and vaginitis, septic me- 

 tritis, tubercular metritis, severe traumatic vaginitis and collitis, 

 large retention cysts in Bartholini's glands, severe mastitis 40 

 hours after its development, bacterial pyelo-nephritis, orchitis 

 and, in old, heavy nonpregnant cows and in one breeding bull 

 from over fatigue from transportation on foot. 



We have now and then observed a slight sinking of the broad 

 ligaments of the pelvis in cows which, in spite of regular estrum, 

 do not conceive and in which the cervical canal remains open 

 as a consequence of chronic catarrh. A similar condition is also 

 seen in profuse milkers 2-3 weeks after parturition due to a gen- 

 eral debility and atony of the genital organs in connection with 

 insufiicient uterine involution, especially a slight catarrhal 

 metritis. 



In reference to the date of the advent of the sinking of the 

 broad pelvic ligaments in newly calved cows, a study of those 

 cases in which data upon this point have been secured and 

 12 



