Absence of Estrum 20i 



tropium formation of the vulvar lips) are, from a diagnostic, 

 pathouogmonic and superficially visible standpoint, of much im- 

 portance. Moreover, the vulvar opening is frequently much 

 elongated, the vestibule of the vagina markedly enlarged and 

 flaccid, so that, in individual cows, air may readily become aspired 

 into- the enlarged vaginal cavity, which may become greatly 

 distended, so that, upon palpation per rectum, the vagina may be 

 found tensely inflated with air, in order to evacuate which it is 

 necessary to apply pressure and backward massage to the vagina, 

 per rectum.' 



If, in addition to the prolapse of the vagina, there is also en- 

 dometritis, the OS uteri is found sufiiciently open to admit the 

 index finger : out of it flows a mucous or muco-purulent exudate 

 and the uterus shows an increased size. In cows which have 

 suffered from prolapse of the vagina dependent upon ovarial cysts 

 and have not been treated for these, but have had vulvar sutiires 

 applied to overcome the condition, there is now and then violent 

 straining and pressing, on which account practitioners who are 

 not experienced replace the vulvar sutures by a vaginal bandage 

 or truss in order to give the prolapse more room. ' It is scarcely 

 necessary to suggest that, in order to determine the etiology and 

 rational therapeutics in each case of prolapsed vagina in non- 

 pregnant cows, palpation per vaginam and per rectum should be 

 employed and that these rules are constantly applied in this 

 clinic. 



D. Prolapsus Portionis Vaginalis Uteri.' 



Quite analogous, from the standpoint of cause and curative 

 means, to the prolapse of the vagina is the prolapse of the 

 vaginal portion of the uterus. In very great flaccidity of the 

 genital organs this prolapse can be brought about artificially by 

 drawing backward upon the os uteri. 



B. Prognosis. 



Cystic degeneration of the ovaries offers a favorable prognosis 

 in general, since, in our statistics, certainly 70% of nympho- 



[1 In this relation it needs be borne in mind that the vagina possesses the 

 power of ballooning, much as related here.] 



2 E, Hess, Schweizer Archiv fiir Tierheilkunde, 1886, p. 74 : 1890, p. 

 212 and 1896, p. 228. 



