Calf Septiccemia io33 



diarrhea and pleuro-pneumonia is very confusing, their mode of 

 origin, avenue of infection, prognosis and handling are essen- 

 tially the same. 



Poels recommends that calves suffering from pleuro-pneumonia 

 or diarrhea should be fed upon sterilized milk, from vessels which 

 have been sterilized by boiling, and that great care should be 

 taken to avoid infection passing to the young animal through the 

 medium of dirty milk. Especially he recommends that great care 

 should be taken in those cows in which there is a septic dis- 

 charge from the vulva, which may thence be transferred to the 

 udder and gain entrance into the milk, and suggests that in all 

 such cases, the parts which are liable to be soiled, including the 

 tail and udder, should be thoroughly disinfected. He further 

 suggests that the navel should have antiseptic handling at the 

 time of the birth of the young animal. 



d. Calf Septicemia. 



Jensen has described a fatal disease of calves occurring in 

 Denmark, which is caused by ovoid bacteria, closely resembling 

 those of swine plague, but in their pathogenic properties exhibit- 

 ing some characteristic differences. Jensen considers this disease 

 closely allied to the pleuro-pneumonia described by Poels, but it 

 runs a more rapid course, without producing inflammation of the 

 lungs. In Jensen's observations the calves died in from 12 to 

 24 hours after the first appearance of the disease. The calves 

 were attacked very suddenly, and became at once so weak that 

 they could not stand, the temperature became elevated to about 

 41 C, and the patients quickly perished, with symptoms of 

 diarrhea and dyspnoea. 



Upon post-mortem examination, Jensen found acute fibrinous 

 inflammation of the pleura and pericardium, with ecchymoses 

 in these two membranes, gastro-enteritis, enlargement of the 

 spleen, and infiltrations about the larynx and pharynx. 



e. Bacteri^mia of Thomassen. 



Thomassen has described a fatal infection of calves due to a 

 bacillus of the colon group, which he could distinguish from the 

 bacterium coli communis only by its greater virulence. He con- 

 sidered the infection even more virulent than that of diarrhea. 

 According to Thomassen the calves are born sound, and show 



