APPLIANCES. 29 



propolis — so that a happy medium will result in clean section 

 bars, and an easy removal from rack. This space is formed by 

 four bars {p, b, b), placed from end to end of the box, exactly 

 iin. thick ; the ends being spaced by the same thickness of stuff 

 (c, c, c) being nailed on between each of these bars, the sections 

 thus rest entirely on these bars by their bottom side edges. If 

 these sections were placed in the rack side by side, combs would 

 be built along, across, diagonally — in fact, every way that we 

 did not wish them so to do. In order to regulate their comb- 

 building, pieces of foundation (/", f, f) — a description of which 

 will be found under heading " Foundation " (par. 53) — are fastened 

 to the top bars of the sections ; the comb will be then built to the 

 exact line that the foundation is laid to. We thus get straight 

 combs if this is put in straight. But even then the combs would 

 be built one into the other ; therefore, to prevent this, separators 

 are used (s). Across and between each row of sections a strip 

 of thin (No. 6) zinc, called a separator or divider, is placed. 

 The bees work at the combs until they have approached these 

 sufficiently near as to allow of only one bee-space between 

 the separator and comb ; the section is then capped, and so 

 finished off with a flat surface. In order to keep these sections 

 close together, an oblong piece of wood, called a follower 

 (r), is placed across the last row of sections, which is kept 

 in its place by one or more springs {p), fitted into a small 

 block of wood. One of these, in the centre, we find quite 

 sufficient. 



51*. — Shallow Frame Snpers. — A great advance has re- 

 cently been made by the introduction of shallow frame supers, 

 used exclusively in the production of extracted honey. This super 

 consists of a shallow box, in which fit either eight or ten shallow 

 frames; the frames are of exactly the same shape and make as 

 those in the body-box, but are only 5*in. deep, consequently the 

 box to contain them must be sfin. deep, so as to allow of a bee- 

 space between the tops of the frames in the body-box and the 

 bottoms of those in the super. The frames are spaced by means 

 of metal ends, but either of two sizes of these ends can be used, 

 viz., " wide " or " ordinary,'' according as the bee-keeper desires 

 thick or ordinary combs. When using a super of this description 

 it is imperative that an "excluder" be provided. 



52. Sections. — Quite a number of individuals have laid 

 claim to having first 



1 



originated these; it will ^^=^ 

 be sufficient for our pur- \ 



pose to inquire into the L/ 



present manufacture. 



They are made entirely by One-piece Section Unfolded. 



Canadian and American ^ , ^ ^ 



firms for the simple reason that wood of the description most 



