14 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS. 
With the exception of the equine species, the 
sacrum is joined to the last lumbar vertebra by three 
diarthrodial surfaces only—the head of the body and 
two transverse processes. 
The ischio-pubic symphysis in the Cow is con- 
siderably longer than in’ the Mare and not rectilinear; 
ossification of the symphysis is less complete, and takes 
place much later than in the Mare. 
FIc. 5. 
LIGAMENTS OF THE LUMBAR VERTEBR#, SACRUM AND PELVIS. 
(Seen from below.) : 
a, Intertransverse Ligament of the Lumbar Vertebre; 6, Capsular 
Ligament of the Spinous Process of the Fifth and Sixth Lumbar 
Vertebre; c, Capsular Ligament of the Sacrum; d, Inferior Sacro- 
iliac Ligament; ¢, Obturator Ligament; “, Transverse Ligament of 
the Ischio-pubic Symphysis. 
In the Sheep and Goat, the ischio-pubic symphysis 
is rectilinear. Ossification very late in life, and almost 
never in those animals which have had many young, 
These remarks apply also to the Pig. 
In the Bitch and Cat, the symphysis rarely ossifies. 
The sacro-sciatic ligament is attached superiorly 
to the lateral borders of the transverse processes of the 
