Cuapter II, 
PHYSIOLOGY. 
As a rule, it is necessary that before the female 
animal can become pregnant, copulation with the male 
must take place. There are exceptions to this rule, 
however, as it has been found possible by mediate or 
artificial means, z. e., by collecting the seminal fluid of 
the male, and through the agency of an instrument 
(the Impregnator) injecting this fluid directly into the 
uterus of the female, to cause impregnation. 
The age or period of an animal’s life when 
copulation can take place with impregnation as the 
result, is termed the 
Age of Puberty. 
The appearance of puberty, and certain conditions 
which it gives rise to, takes place at different periods 
in different animals. 
In the human female, this condition appears at 
from ten to twelve years, and in the male, from eleven 
to fourteen years. 
In the Cow, nine months to two years, although 
in some exceptional cases it appears very much earlier. 
A case has been reported where the female gave birth 
to a calf at eleven months old, the sire of the calf 
being only twelve months old at this time. 
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