DISEASES OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS. 135 
pox, aphtha, etc., may cause adhesion and obliteration 
of the opening of the duct and of a considerable portion 
of its length. 
In the upper sections, tumor formation occurs, and 
sometimes folds of mucous membrane fall into the 
lumen of the duct and produce closure. More fre- 
quently chronic inflammation, occurring during mastitis, 
causes stenosis or complete closure. Finally, the 
mammary duct and lower portion of the galactophorous 
sinuses may grow together. 
Treatment.—Repeated introduction of bougies, or 
the use of small trocar. Division of the duct or amputa- 
tion of the end of the teat. Where there is closure 
of the upper parts of the teat by indurated masses 
of tissue, a passage may be made by passing a 
thin trocar, the canula being left in position for some 
time, so as to prevent adhesion, whilst the milk is 
prevented flowing away by stopping the canula with a 
cork. 
Mastitis Chronica. 
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE UDDER. 
Chronic inflammatory processes often result from 
acute diseases, and may give rise to localized induration, 
or to diffuse proliferation of the interstitial connective 
tissue. The latter are generally produced by bacteria, 
especially by tubercle bacilli, actinomyces, and other 
organisms. Sand discovered botryomycosis of the 
udder in a Mare. Tubercular enlargements of the 
mammary gland are commonest in Cows, and princi- 
pally affect the posterior quarters, being rare in the 
anterior (Bang). 
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