136 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS. 
Tumors of the udder are seen in Cows and Bitches, 
but seldom in other animals. They usually take the. 
form of warts, and are more common on the teats than: 
on the udder. 
Polypfi occasionally occur on the mucous membrane 
of the mammary or milk ducts, and may interfere with 
the discharge of milk. 
If these neoplasms do not seriously interfere with 
milking, it is best to defer operation until lactation 
ceases. They can generally be removed by scissors, 
ligature, ecraseur, or cautery. Some may require to be 
enucleated. 
FISSURED OR.CHAPPED TEATS. 
This condition is chiefly caused by injuries, unim- 
portant at first, it may be, but if neglected may lead to 
more serious conditions, as mammitis, or septicemia, 
besides rendering the animal uneasy during the process 
of milking, or when she is being sucked. 
Causes.—Any source of local irritation may bring 
about fissure. 
Symptoms.—Fissures are perhaps more often seen 
in primipare having fine and thin skin. The crack 
appears as a more or less deep, narrow sore, running 
in a transverse direction round the teat, the edges 
being thickened and indurated. When the teat is 
distended with milk, the sores have a gaping appearance. 
When superficial, chaps may not cause much trouble, 
but when deep, they are very painful, as exhibited by 
the animal’s aversion to manipulation of the teat, or to 
milking, or sucking. 
