DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES. S143 
Umbilical Hemorrhage. 
This condition is not very often seen. It ensues 
immediately after birth, rarely after some days. 
In the Foal, bleeding may be from the artery, that 
vessel being firmly attached to the umbilical ring. In 
ruminants, the hemorrhage is from the vein, because of 
the existence of the ductus Aranzi, and the retraction 
of the artery within the abdomen. _ 
Causes.—Cutting the cord off too close to the 
umbilicus, or laceration of the vessels during difficult 
parturition. The cord may bleed when torn across 
naturally, due to sucking at the remains by the mother, 
the young one itself, or some other animal. 
Treatment.—lf the cord is short, apply astringents 
or styptics, or even caustics. Should the cord be 
sufficiently long, it is better to ligate it. The precau- 
tion necessary here, is to see that the ligature does not 
include a portion of intestine. Should there be infiltra- 
tion, get rid of it as much as possible before applying 
the ligature. 
If much blood has been lost, it may be necessary 
to resort to the transfusion of blood, or of common salt 
solution, into the umbilical vein. 
Persistent Urachus. 
During foetal life the urachus is the tube through 
which urine passes from the urinary bladder of the 
foetus into the allantoid cavity. After birth this canal 
is obliterated, its walls becoming like a thin cord; the 
bladder is retracted within the pelvic cavity, the urine 
then passing through the urethra. It sometimes happens 
