146 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS. 
animal (Foal or Calf). Some authorities suggest 
heredity as a predisposing cause. 
Treatment,— Among the varied applications 
recommended in umbilical herniz are : local astringents, 
subcutaneous injections of solutions of sodium chloride, 
trusses of various kinds, caustic and blistering agents, 
as sulphuric and nitric acids, cantharides ointment, etc. 
For small herniz, nitric acid may be employed to 
destroy the skin and cause such swelling as to close the 
orifice before the skin is separated. Some authorities 
recommend the application of concentrated sulphuric 
or nitric acid with a glass rod in the form of lines, at least 
three-eighths to three-quarters of aninch apart. Others 
use.a brush, applying the acid to entire surface of the sac. 
Bandages, pads, simple or multiple ligation of the sac, 
clamps, as Combe’s or Bordonnat’s, herniotomy, etc. 
In small herniz, treatment is not always necessary, 
the enlargements frequently disappearing spontaneously. 
Gtdema of the Umbilicus. 
This condition is due to the accumulation of serum, 
sometimes blood, in the connective tissue of the cord. 
It is usually due to laceration or contusion during 
birth, but may frequently be causéd by sucking and 
tearing at the remains of the cord, by other young 
animals. 
Symptoms.—The swelling is often of considerable 
size, and is always cold to the touch. In Calves it 
often remains for a length of time, and is said by 
Zundel to constitute a grave defect in young Bulls, 
which it mechanically prevents from copulating. 
