130 The Soverane Herbe 



tobacco-juice. The paper enveloping the cakes 

 during the ' cooking ' and pressing is the black 

 tobacco-paper used by gardeners for insecticide 

 purposes. 



' Nailrod ' and ' plug ' are made by pressing the 

 leaf into moulds by hydraulic power with similar 

 steaming and cooking. Roll and cake tobaccos is 

 greatly favoured by soldiers, sailors and artisans for 

 its full flavour, its suitability for chewing and its 

 portability. ' Waterloo Charges,' a curious form of 

 hard tobacco, were very popular just after the 

 downfall of Napoleon. These charges were ready- 

 made fills for the pipe, being shaped like the end 

 of a cigar, and exactly fitting the bowl. But though 

 the cartridge has superseded the old powder-flask 

 and ramrod loading of fire-arms, the ready-made 

 charges for pipes flourished for a time only. 



In this country flavouring and sweetening of tobacco 

 is forbidden, save under Government supervision. 

 Cavendish — so called from its inventor, Cavendish, 

 an admiral of Queen Elizabeth and the ancestor 

 of the ducal house of Devonshire — and Negrohead 

 owe their special existence to the addition of sweeten- 

 ing. Until 1863 their importation into and manufac- 

 ture in the United Kingdom were prohibited. They 

 may now be prepared in bond, under Government 

 supervision, and must be sold in packages bearing an 

 Excise stamp. Their production in this country is 

 therefore limited, and large quantities are imported 

 from America at a duty higher than that on other 

 manufactured tobacco. 



The manufacture of cavendish is, in the main, 



