HYMENOPTEEA. 153 



and a stalked abdomen. Larvs footless, and mostly 

 devoid of an anus, 

 (ii) The Terehrantia, female with an ovipositor alwa3's. Larvas 

 or False-caterpillars with a number of feet, generally 

 about twenty-two, or footless.-' 



Ants, "Wasps, and Bees (Aculeate Hymenoptera). 



The Aculeate Hymenoptera include the Formicidie or Ants, 

 Fossoria or Digging-wasps, Vespiihe or true "Wasps, and the 

 ApidcB or Bees. The Ants, Wasps, and Bees live in colonies, 

 the Foasoria are solitary. 



The Aculeate Hymenoptera are classified as follows : Hetero- 

 gyna or Ants, with the petiole of the abdomen having one or more 

 scales, sexes consisting of ^ , ^ , ^ . Fossoreg, with simple 

 petiole, (J and ^ only. Wings not folded longitudinally. 

 Dipluptera or Wasps and Sand-wasps, with the wings folded 

 longitudinally. Anthophila, hairs of body more or less plumose 

 or branched. 



AxTS (Hbterogtna). 



The Forviicidm or Ants are provided with strong mandibles 

 for biting, the maxillse and labium normal. All ants are social, 

 living in large colonies composed of workers, males, and females. 

 The workers are always apterous ; they are undeveloped females, 

 and are often peculiarly modified for different purposes : some 

 act as soldiers, others as labourers, and yet others as "nurses'" 

 for the brood. The males and females have wings. The abdo- 

 men, \Yhich is provided with a powerful poisonous sting, is 

 united to the thorax by a one-jointed stalk in the genus Formica, 

 by a two-jointed stalk in Myrmica. Those with the two-jointed 



' Another classification is to divide the Hymenoptera into two sub-orders, 

 as follows : — 



(i) Hymen. Petioliventres. Including the Aculeata and Ichneumons. 

 Abdomen connected to thorax by slender joint. 



(ii) Hymen. SessiUventres. Sawflies and Wood Wasps. Abdomen 

 broad at the base. 



