172 



HYMENOPTEEA (GALL-FLIES). 



Cynipidffi. Some are parasitic on Diptera and others on 

 Aphides. Oak apples are formed by Cynips kollari (a) and 

 Briorhiza terminalis. The Bedeguar or mossy galls on the rose, 



t^pt\ 



Fig. 75. — Cynipid.r 



A, GaUs of Cynrps kollari : c, maggot ; a, }iole of escape of fly ; h, gall attacked by 

 tits. D, larva, e, pupa, f, imago, b, ova of Brlm-hiza terminalis. (The ova are from 

 preparations sent me by Mr Hammond.) 



by Rhoditea 



are examples. The greatest numbers are 



found on the oak, a few on the rose and other plants. Tits, 

 especially the Blue and Great Tits, peck the grubs out of these 

 galls in great numbers. 



1 According to the late Mr Ashmead, tlie farmers at Harrogate gather 

 these galls to make an infusion for the cure of diarrlio^a in cows (Miiller 

 Zool. S. S., p. 1206). 



