188 LEPIDOPTEEA (MOTHS). 



and often have a fe^Y scattered hairs over the body. Some 

 pupate in cocoons, others like butterfij' larvae.. One species, the 

 Garden-Pebble-]Moth {Pionea forficalis), is sometimes injurious 

 to garden produce, otherwise they are of little economic im- 

 portance. The Cramhidce form another family popularly called 

 " grass moths " ; they have long wings and long palpi, the front 

 wings narrow, the hind ones ample and broad. In the true 

 Gramhiila' the wings fold up in a tubular form when at rest. 

 One family, the Galeriuhe or Bee-Moths, are injurious to bee- 

 keepers by their larvaj living in the comb and weakening the 

 stock. Improvements in apiculture have, however, done away 

 with the loss from this pest. 



The Tortricidae and Carpocapsidse are most important. 

 These insects have a narrow bodj', not extending beyond the 

 hind - wings. Fore - wings short and broad, truncate at the 

 extremity, hind-wings also broad. The larvse live very often 

 in rolled-up leaves ; others live in seeds and fruit, and in the 

 flower-heads of plants. Most of the larvfe are pale m colour, 

 delicate in texture, and slightly hairy, with a large brown head. 



The CoiJlin Mnfli (^Carpocapsa pnmoneUa). 



The members of the genus Carpnrapsa live inside seeds and 

 fruits in the larval stage. The Codliu iloth, one of the Carpo- 

 capsiche, is half an inch across the wings ; the fore-wings are 

 grey, with dark wavy lines, and a metallic patch at each 

 corner ; the hind-wings are slaty grey. They appear in the 

 orchards at the time when the blossom is falling from the 

 apple-trees, when the female deposits her eggs on the apple, — 

 sometimes on the eye, at others on the side of the young 

 fruit. The minute Codlin maggot enters the apple in either 

 case at the calyx, and then commences to burrow into the 

 fruit, where it matures, causing so-called "maggotty" apples 

 and "early windfalls." They first burrow to the centre and 



