DIPTJSKA Oil TRUE I'LIKS. 



205 



sharp conical ovipositor, the end of the male is blunt. The 

 female, by means of this tube, lays her black spindle-shaped 

 eggs on the grass or near some plants — the greater the shelter 

 the more they frequent it, hence we find these pests always 

 most frequent in permanent pastures. They prefer damp spots 



Fig. 99.— Crane-fly (Ti]niln uUracm). 

 1 and 2, Male and female; 8, ova ; 4, larva; 5, pupa. (Whiteliead.) 



to oviposit — in fact, most Tipulidse frequent damp and swampy 

 places, some larvie living in water, even in Ijrine pools. The 

 black ova of the crane-fly soon hatch out into the larvse. The 

 adults appear twice a-year, one Vjrood in the spring and early 

 summer, the second in the autumn. The larvas of the second 

 brood live through the winter, and pupate in the summer. 



