DIPTBEA OR TRUE FLIES. 



215 



suffer from this pest, because the eggs are detached 



"curry-comb." Farm-horses in districts where G 



abundant should have shelter from the 



sun during the hot part of the day ; and 



those in use should have their knees and 



shoulders dressed with salt-and-water and 



some deodorant, to deter the fly from 



ovipositing. Salt is said to be good, but 



how it works is unaccountable. Tartar 



emetic in two-drachm doses every day for 



ten days is said to clear the " bots " out 



of the stomach. 



by the 

 ec2ui is 



Fro. 107 —Larva of 

 HORSE-BOT Flv. 



A, Horse-bot ; B, end of 

 pu])ariuin ; c, spiracles at 

 anal end of bot ; d, hooked 

 niandiljles. 



Several other " bot - iiies ' occur in 

 Britain, — Hypoderma diana and Oephe- 

 nomyia rufiharhis, both on deer, and 

 Hypoderma (equi ?), producing warbles on the back and loins 

 of horses. This last I have never been able to rear, but have 

 seen it on several occasions in the bot-stage. 



Root -eating Flies (Anthomyldse). 



The Anthomyidaj include a great number of flics which are 

 all more or less dull in colour, and covered with many bristles 

 and hairs. Their larvte are white footless grubs, which taper to 

 a point towards the head end, and are blunt at the posterior 

 end. Several are very injurious to crops. No full description 

 of the adults will be given here, as they are all much alike ; 

 only specialists are able to identify them with any certainty. 

 The larvae live in the roots of plants and set up decay. The 

 most important are the following : the Onion Fly (Phoihia 

 cepetorum) ; the Cabbage-root Flies {Anthnmyia radicuiu, A. 

 hrassiae, and A. floralia) ; and the ^N'heat-ljullj Fly {llylemyia 

 coarrtata). 



