CLASSUflCATION OF BIRDS. 347 



1st Division Satitce. 



OmnivorouB and terrestrial. Young precocious. VertebrcE hetero- 

 ccelous. Nares impervious. Proximal articulating head of quadrate single. 

 Sternum without keel and spina interna. Coracoid fused with scapula. 

 Wings flightless. Terminal caudal vertebra; not united into a ploughshare 

 bone. No pteryla3 in adult. Oil-gland absent, and caica of intestines 

 functional. 



This division is not represented in Great Britain. It contains six 

 orders, including the Struthioues (Ostriches), Rhex (Rheas), Casuarii 

 (Cassowarys), Apteryges (Apteryx), Dinornithes (Moas), and ^pyornithes. 



2nd Division Carinata'. 



The Carinatse have a keel to .sternum. Scapulte and ooracoids distinct. 

 Furcula complete. Vomer bone not fused with the neighbouring bones of 



1. Colymbiformes. — Cosmopolitan. Aquatic ; with precocious young. 

 Feed on animal substances. No basi-pterj'goid processes (fig. 182, o, Bpt). 

 Supra-orbital glands present. No neck apteria. Oil-gland tufted. Legs 

 short. Hallux small, front toes webbed or lobate. Ca^ca functional. 



(i) Colymbi (Divers). — Front toes webbed. 14-15 cervical vertebrae. 



11 primaries. 



(ii) Podicipedes (Grebes). — Front toes lobate. 17-21 cervical vertebrae. 



12 primaries. 



2. Sphenisciformes (Penguins). — Not represented in Great Britain. 



3. Frocellariiformes. — Cosmopolitan ; marine ; young nestlings, which 

 are downy. Downs complex. Oil - gland tufted. Neck with lateral 

 apteria. Nares tubular and impervious. Front toes webbed. Hallux 

 small or rudimentary. Tongue mostly rudimentary. Sohizognathous ^ 

 (fig. 181, A). 



Tubinares (Petrels and Shearwaters). 



4. Ciconiifonues. — Cosmopolitan, aquatic birds. Tufted oil - gland. 

 Young pass through a dov?ny stage. No basi-pterygoid processes. Des- 

 mognathous^ (Sg. 182, d). 



(i) Steganopodes. — Aquatic. Fish-eaters. Nares impervious. Neck 

 without apteria. No supra-orbital glands. Legs short ; all four 

 toes webbed together. Rudimentary tongue. 



(1) PhalacrocoracidcB (Cormorants), with 18-20 cervical ver- 



tebraj. 



(2) Pdecanidce (Pelicans, Gannets), with 17 cervical vertebrte. 



(3) Phcetontidai and (4) Frcgatida, both absent in Great Britain. 



1 Schizognathous = maxillo-iialatines free. Vomer pointed in front. 



2 Desmognathous=maxillo-palatines united. 



