12 An Angler's Paradise. 
ascending rivers follow the main currents, and an expert is able at 
once to fit up a wheel that will do execution among them. The 
apparatus has, roughly speaking, some resemblance to a large 
water-wheel fitted. with big skeleton scoops covered with netting. 
The fish in their ascent of the rivers swim into these, which 
revolve in the opposite direction, and they are carried up to the 
top of the wheel, when they drop through a shoot, which sends 
them into a receptacle alongside or behind the machine as the 
case may be. 
An attendant knocks them on the head, strings a lot of them 
together by means of a rope, which is then fastened to a ring in a 
barrel and the lot flung into the stream. So the work goes on, 
and these strings of fish are carried down stream for some dis- 
tance, when they are picked up by a small steamer on the look-out 
for them and taken to the canneries. These wheels are notably in 
use on the Columbia, Clackamas, and other rivers. 
Concerning the cultivation of the salmon on some of these 
rivers, the eminent American fish culturist, Livingstone Stone, says, 
in one of his letters:—‘‘ . . . In regard to the success that 
has attended the culture of the Sa/monzde, the Government station 
for hatching salmon on the McCloud river, California, may 
be mentioned as an unquestionable instance of labour in that 
direction well rewarded. It is universally acknowledged that the 
hatching of salmon at this station, which I had the honour of 
naming Baird after our distinguished Commissioner, has immensely 
increased the number of salmon in the Sacramento River, of 
which the McCloud is a tributary. . . . The good effect 
of the hatching of salmon at the Government station on the 
Clackamas river in Oregon, is doubtless very similar. Although 
the limited output of young salmon at this station is wholly 
inadequate to the demands of so great a river as the Columbia, 
of which the Clackamas is a tributary, nevertheless the salmon 
production, such as it is at this station, is believed to be of im- 
mense benefit to the river, and it is thought to be almost certain, 
that, without the help of the Clackamas hatchery, the enormous 
drain on the salmon supply of the river made by its numerous 
canneries would have caused an alarming diminution of the 
salmon of this wonderful salmon river. I think it is safe to say 
