How to obtain it. ive 
construction of these protected spawning beds on a fairly 
extensive scale, they may be divided into sections, and the fish 
allowed access to the various sections as they spawn in succession. 
The first fish that come up, for instance, will push forward until 
further progress is barred by the leaf screen. Finding they 
cannot get any higher up-stream, and at the same time finding 
suitable spawning ground, they will deposit their ova, and return 
to the pond from whence they came. 
Now, by placing a screen or grating below this spawning 
ground to prevent more fish coming up on to these nests, the 
later fish are obliged to deposit their eggs lower down, and when 
the beds are all made use of the fish should not be allowed to 
enter the stream at all. The latest fish will then spawn in the 
pond where the stream enters it. It may sometimes happen that 
a pair of the earliest fish, instead of pushing up-stream, will 
spawn in a lower reach of the raceway which is wanted for the 
later fish. Such an occurrence cannot always be avoided, but 
such a nest can be protected by wire netting from the depreda- 
tions of the later fish. Or, if observed in time, the fish may be 
driven off, or netted out and carried higher up-stream. Any one 
who is determined to carry out the work thoroughly can easily do 
it; but in such a case it will require a little attention. It 
possesses one very satisfactory feature, however, and that is that it 
will amply repay the amount of care and attention bestowed 
upon it. 
And now a few words as to the preparation of the spawning 
ground. By altering the natural course of the stream and making 
it wind back and forward, a considerable amount of ground may 
often be made available, and it is well worth while to take some 
pains with this part of the work. The great point is to make as 
much available spawning ground as possible. Being beyond all 
danger of flooding there is no fear of the work being washed up or 
half destroyed by a spate. 
The stream which is to be made into a spawning race should 
have an easy gradient, so that the water just ripples along nicely 
over it, and the bottom should be of gravel. This gravel bed 
should be from six inches to a foot deep, and should consist of 
stones, about one third of which may be about the size of walnuts, 
