How to obtain it. 113 
understood, and on most of the main lines I have usually met 
with the greatest courtesy, and had every reasonable assistance 
willingly rendered. The railway companies know their work, and 
as a rule do it, and their revenue is considerably increased by the 
live fish traffic, and will be much more so in the near future. 
Fry travel better in glass carriers (carboys) than in any other 
apparatus yet discovered. I used them successfully many years 
ago, and travelled fish in them safely to and from America. Then 
metal carriers were strongly recommended by some fish culturists, 
and I tried them, but soon went back to the glass bottles, and my 
verdict to-day is that nothing has been found to beat them ; 
indeed, I have yet to see the carrier that will equal them for 
convenience, cleanliness, evenness of temperature, lightness, and 
durability. There is, indeed, nothing I know of that will 
favourably compare with them when properly constructed. I have 
them made to order, and they are so shaped that when filled to 
the proper level the angle of the water with the glass is such as to 
cause a continual and gentle splashing of the surface water only, 
during transit. The water in splashing is thrown against a canvas 
cover, and from this falls back again, and the slight vacuum which 
is caused is at once filled with fresh air drawn from outside, and so 
the work goes on, forming a self-aérating machine that is unfailing 
in its work as long as the train or cart isin motion. The splashing 
itself is confined entirely to the surface of the water, but the 
motion generated, owing to the shape of the interior, which has 
been carefully studied, sets up a rotary motion, and produces a 
perpetual current in which the fry enjoy life as in a brook, prob- 
ably knowing little difference. I have travelled millions of fry in 
these vessels long distances, both by sea and land, and sometimes 
under very trying circumstances, yet with perfect success. 
Never under any circumstances should they be filled with 
water. It absolutely prevents any jar or splashing, and may 
prove fatal to the fish. Only once have I known such a thing 
to be done, and that was when I was once transferring 
yearlings a distance of about five miles, and used carboys for the 
work with perfect success, with the exception of one load, and in 
this case a booby of a carter, under the impression that he was 
giving the fish plenty of water, filled the bottles brimful, with the 
I 
