126 Flow to obtain it. 
answer well, and prevent any mischief during the severest frost. 
The heating apparatus should be outside. Never have a stove of 
any kind in a hatchery. I was once persuaded by a man who 
“knew everything” about fish culture to try one, and never was a 
greater nuisance. However well kept smoke would at times 
escape, and anything of this sort is to be carefully avoided. For 
the same reason I have found it necessary strictly to forbid tobacco 
smoking in the hatchery. I did not do this at first, the building 
being large and well ventilated, but carefully watched the effect 
of it on the alevins and found it very hurtful. 
Lighting a hatchery when work has to be done, as done it 
must be, during the dark hours of winter, is a matter that requires 
the greatest care. Oil lamps of any description are to be most 
carefully avoided. I have never from the first allowed anything 
to be used except candles (not tallow), with the exception of the 
watchman’s bull’s-eye or other lantern when on his rounds during 
the small hours. Even this, although most carefully used, and 
according to strict rules, was found to give trouble. A very small 
drop of oil may do harm should it get into the water, and where 
oil is used there is always a danger. Candles only are now 
allowed in the hatchery, and are found to work well. They are 
carried on simple wooden candlesticks, each made to hold three 
candles. These give enough light for the laying down of the ova, 
which is almost invariably done after six p.m. Occasionally 
candle droppings may get into the water, but as they float and 
immediately solidify, they are quite easily picked out again, and I 
have never found them do any harm. 
Except when there is a great press of work, ‘spawning is not, 
as a rule, commenced before ten a.m. Fish spawn better later in 
the day when the temperature rises a little, and the eggs taken in 
the afternoon are carefully washed and placed in bowls in the 
hatchery, ready to be laid on the grilles as soon as the spawning 
operations are over for the day, and the fish removed from the 
spawning tanks. 
The water should be brought into the hatchery from the 
spring in glazed earthenware socket and faucet pipes. The joints 
should be well cemented, and the pipes laid underground. It will 
probably require filtration, although sometimes it is sufficiently 
