54 



cut them out at once, together with the adjoining cells. If suspicious cells 

 recur treat again lully. " Eternal vigilance " should be the watchword 

 of every beekeeper who hopes to keep down disease. 



To PREVENT Swarming out. 



On rare occasions colonies swarm out during treatment, but this is not 

 likely to occur when honey is bein;; feathered freely. It can be guarded 

 against bv cagiuu- the queen for i few daT,'K, or bv giving a wide entrance 

 and placing queen-excluding zinc across. 



Savinc; Healthy Brood. 



When several colonies are to lie treated and there is a large quantity 

 of healtliv brood in the combs, put a queen-excluding zinc honey-board 

 over the frames of one of the least-afiected hives, and put all the healthv 

 brood above this to emerge. When this has been accomplished remove 

 everything and treat the colony in the manner advised. The zinc prevents 

 the queen making us(» of the affected combs while the brood is emerging. 



Autumn Treatment. 



When it is desired to treat colonies in the autumn after brood- rearing 

 Jias ceased, just put the bees into clean hives provided with ample winter 

 stores in the shape of frames of honey from clean colonies. The disease 

 is not likely to reappear. 



Young Queens. 



There can be little doubt that bees from young vigorous queens can 

 better cope with disease than those bred from aged and weak mothers. 

 It is therefore advisable to chan<;e the queens at the time of or shortly 

 after treatment if thijse in the affected hives are not up to the mark ; in 

 anv case it is profitable to do so if young queens can be obtained. 



SuJiMARY OF Dr. Maarsen's Report. 

 The lollowing is the sunnnary as published in the British Bee Journal 

 for the 7th M;.v. UMIH : — 



To sum up Dr. Maasscn's important work, we find, — 



1. That three diffen-nt organisms may produce foul-brood, two of which 

 are usually associated in different phases of the disease. These are Bacillus 

 alvri, Cheshire ; Bacillus Brrnulenbimjiensis, Mausen (syn. B. Bvrri, Burri, 

 B. tarcfr. White) ; Strcjjiococcus npis. Blausen (syn. B. (rii)ithcri. Burri). 



2. That when the disease attacks unsealed larvir B. ahci is present, and 

 in virulent cases it is also found in sealed brood. 



3. That i^trcjiliiciicctis apis of "sour-brood" is usually associated witli 

 B. alvci. 



4. That B. Braiiilciilmnjiciisis is found in tlie sealed larva only just 

 before it changes to a pupa, and is frequently associated with B. alvci. 



