76 



CASSELL'S POPULAE GARDENING. 



All the Birclies are readily raised from seed, and 

 tlie varieties which, do not come true when propagated 

 in this way can he grafted on B. alba. 



Broiissonetia papyrifer a is the only species of 

 the genus Broussonetia which is worthy of mention 

 here ; it is the Paper Mulherry of China and Japan, and 

 from an economical standpoint a very important tree, 

 as from its inner hark is manufactured excellent 

 paper in the countries just named, and in the South 

 Sea Islands an exceedingly tough cloth. In the 

 South of England, at any rate, it is perfectly hardy 

 and should he more largely grown. In France the 

 trees attain a considerahle size, and the long brown 

 cattins of male flowers present a novel appearance 

 in May and June ; the shorter female catkins are 

 different in colour and are borne on different trees. 



Buddleia. — The only members of this large 

 genus, fairly hardy, and at the same time worthy of 

 general cultivation, are the Chilian B. glohosa, the 

 Chinese B. Lindleyana, and the Japanese B. japoniea, 

 frequently grown in gardens under the wrong name of 

 B. curvifolia. The former has small bright orange 

 flowers, arranged in globular long-stalked heads, and 

 the two latter purplish-red hairy tubular flowers, in 

 longterminal racemes. .B.^foSossattainsaheight in two 

 or three years of eight or ten feet, and B. Lindleyana 

 hardly grows more than half that height. Neither 

 can be depended upon, except in favoured situations ; 

 but they are so readily propagated by cuttings, and 

 grow so fast, that they are worthy of a sheltered 

 place in the shrubbery, or of the protection of a wall. 



Buxus {Box), — Of the score or so species of Box 

 only a couple are worthy of mention here ; but one of 

 them, our native B. sempervirens, is one of the most 

 deservedly popular of all hardy evergreens ; there are 

 numerous garden varieties, exhibiting a very con- 

 siderable range of differences in habit and leaf 

 characters. The form usually cultivated for Box- 

 c Jgings is sufrutieosa ; rosmarinifolia is a dwarf bush 

 with small Eosemary-like leaves ; arhoreseens, a stout, 

 tall-growing variety ; and angustifolia, bullata, glaiiea, 

 marginata, argentea, ohcordata, and rottmdifolia have 

 names sufiBoiently descriptive to render further re- 

 marks concerning them unnecessary. B. Balearica, 

 a native of the Balearic Islands, has larger yellowish- 

 green, leathery leaves, and is a more robust grower 

 than B. sempervirens or any of its varieties. 



Calluna. — C. vulgaris (the Common Ling), the 

 only species of this genus, is so well known that de- 

 scription is unnecessary; it covers vast tracts of 

 moorland in this country, and is also found throughout 

 Europe (except Greece and Turkey), in West Siberia, 



Greenland, and (rarely) in North-east America. 

 Some of the garden varieties are very desirable plants 

 for the peat border ; they vary exceedingly in the 

 colour of the flowers and in the general habit of 

 growth. Amongst the best are Alportii and Serlii, 

 two robust-growing, free-flowering white kinds; 

 diamsa, which forms very dense hemispherical cushiou- 

 Uke masses ; dumosa aurea is similar in habit, but has 

 gold-tipped young growths. Besides these there are 

 variegated forms of the ordinary type, red-flowered 

 and double-flowered ones of various shades. 



Calopliaca Wolgarica is the only member of 

 this genus of the Pea family in cultivation in this 

 coimtry ; it is a pretty dwarf deciduous shrub, with 

 pinnate leaves, and long-stalked racemes of yellow 

 flowers. It is a native of Southern Russia, and may 

 he readily propagated from seeds, which ripen freely, 

 or by grafting on the common Laburnum. 



Calyeantlius. — Broadly speaking, there are hut 

 two species of this genus, both from North America; 

 the one with numerous forms from the eastern side 

 of the continent, and the other from the western. G. 

 Floridus, the Caroline Allspice, has sweetly-scented, 

 lurid, purplish-red flowers, and C. occidentalis larger 

 brick-red flowers. Both are deciduous shrubs, the 

 former growing some three or four feet, or there- 

 abouts, in height, and the latter about double 

 that height. Both are desirable shrubbery plants, 

 flowering throughout a considerable portion of the 

 summer in this country. 



Caragana. — Of the fifteen species of this genus 

 of Leguminosce more than half are in cultivation, 

 and aU are easily-grown hardy deciduous shrubs, or 

 small trees, readily propagated from seeds. G. Alta- 

 gana has large, yeUow, pea-shaped flowers, produced 

 singly from the axils of the pretty pinnate leaves. 

 C. arhoreseens, the tallest of the cultivated species, has 

 leaves with fewer leaflets than those of the last- 

 named, and clusters of pale or bright yellow flowers ; 

 this comes in useful as a stock whereon to graft the 

 smaUer-growing sorts. C. Ckamlagutas large, yellow, 

 red-tinted flowers and spiny branches. C. frutescens 

 and G. spinosa are somewhat thorny hushes, the 

 latter forming an excellent hedge-plant. All the 

 above are natives of Northern Asia, are quite hardy 

 in this country, growing freely in almost any soil or 

 situation, and are readily raised from seeds. 



Carpinus (Hornbeam). — All the Hornbeams are 

 hardy deciduous trees, natives of the north temperate 

 zone. The British C. Betulus is a slow-growing, long- 

 lived tree, and a decidedly ornamental one ; as a tall 

 hedge or shelter plant it is one of the best, as it bears 



