222 



CASSELL'S POPULAE GAEDENING. 



of England, at any rate, attains the size of a small 

 tree, and is most effective with its large much- 

 spreading panicles of white flowers. Like the last- 

 named it is a large-leayed evergreen species. L, 

 Massalongianum has long narrow leaves, and mueh- 

 tranehed dense panicles ; for a long time the native 

 country of this very distinct plant was not- known, 

 hut of late it has heen ascertained to be the Khasya 

 Hills. In gardens, and gardening literature, a 

 number of names have been given to L. Massalon- 

 gianum — some of these are L. angustifolium, L. 

 myrtifoUwn, L. rosmarinifolium. Perhaps the most 

 generally known of all the Privets is Z. ovalifolium, 

 which has larger and more persistent foliage than 

 the common L. vulgare, and makes equally as good a 

 hedge ; it is very hardy, and flowers profusely if 

 not cut in ; it is a native of Japan, and there are 

 several beautiful variegated forms in cultivation. 

 Z. Quihoiti, a Chinese species, is very distinct by 

 reason of its purplish, hairy, wiry branches, its dark 

 green, oblong or oblong-ovate leaves, and its large, 

 loose, terminal panicles. Z. sinense, when allowed 

 to grow to its full size, makes one of the best of 

 summer-flowering shrubs ; its racemes, or panicles, 

 are produced in such profusion as to give a good 

 specimen the appearance of being covered with a 

 white sheet. Z. vulgare has a number of varieties : 

 white and yellow-berried, gold and silver-leaved, 

 and a weeping form. 



liiquidambar. — Neai-ly a half-dozen species of 

 Ziquidamiar are known, one from North America, 

 one from the Levant, and the rest from China. The 

 only Toember of the genus worthy of special mention 

 from a purely garden standpoint is Z. styracijlua, 

 the Sweet Gum-tree of the Northern United States, 

 a large and handsome tree, with long-stalked, 

 deeply five to seven-lobed, glossy leaves, which are 

 fragrant when bruised — in favourable seasons they 

 turn a deep crimson colour before falling, and a 

 good tree makes a splendid object in the park or 

 pleasure - ground ; in duU sunless seasons only 

 various shades of purple and bronze occur. The 

 branchlets are clothed with grej' bark, and are 

 generally covered with corky ridges. Z. styracijlua 

 grows best in a deep damp loam, and should be more 

 frequently grown than it is at present. 



Liriodendron tulipifera (the Tulip-tree) is, 

 without doubt, one of the most beautiful of hardy 

 «xotic trees. In its native habitats — the Eastern 

 TJnited States — it forms a large tree from seventy to 

 ibO JEeet in height, with a trunk four to seven feet 

 in diameter, and is, in fact, one of the largest and 

 most valuable trees of the Atlantic forests. In 

 Britain specimens of considerable size exist, and 



they are found to thrive under very varied conditions 

 as regards soil. The remarkable leaves, which alone 

 are sufficient to distinguish the Tulip-tree from any 

 other in cultivation, are very smooth, with two 

 lateral lobes near the base, and two at the apex, 

 which appears as if cut off abruptly by a broad 

 shallow notch. The sweet-scented flowers, which 

 are very freely produced by old trees, are greenish- 

 yellow without, and orange within. In autumn the 

 decaying foliage assumes a rich golden-yellow or 

 brown tint. Several forms are in cultivation, the 

 most desirable being pyramidalis, a variety re- 

 sembling in habit the Lombardy Poplar ; aiid 

 variegata, another with golden variegated leaves. 



lionicera. — All the species of this genus, and 

 about eighty have been described — are natives of 

 the northern hemisphere, most of them from the 

 temperate regions. A number of the introduced 

 species are not particularly ornamental ; only those 

 which are really desirable are mentioned here. 

 For convenience of reference, and to avoid repetition, 

 the climbers, or twiners, of which our native Honey- 

 suckle, Z. Ferich/menum, may be taken as a type, are 

 mentioned under one heading, and the bushes (the 

 non-climbing or non-twining ones) under another. 



TwiNiNS Species. 

 Z. Caprifolium, a South European species, natu- 

 ralised here and there in some of the English 

 counties, has very fragrant yellowish flowers, nearly 

 like those of the common truly native Z. Feriely- 

 menum, but differs from that plant in having a sessile 

 flower-head, and in the upper leaves being connate. 

 Z. etrusca, another South European species, has 

 orange-yellow flowers, and stalked flower-heads. Z. 

 flava, the Yellow Honeysuckle of the Northern 

 United States, has smooth, thicMsh, obovate or 

 oval leaves, pale and glaucous on both sides, and 

 light yellow fragrant flowers. Z. Jlexuosa is a 

 Japanese species,, with hairy stems, and ovate- 

 lanceolate leaves, hairy, and with a purplish tinge 

 when young ; the very fragrant flowers are home in 

 pairs, and are pink and yellow in colour. Z. japonica, 

 one of the most beautiful of all hardy twiners, has 

 fragrant flowers opening a creamy-yellow, and 

 fading to almost golden-yeUow ; it is a very free 

 grower and flowerer. Z. setnpervirens, the Scarlet 

 Trumpet Honeysuckle, has large clusters of scentless 

 flowers of a beautiful scarlet outside, and yellow 

 inside. Z. plantieriensis, a garden hybrid, of which 

 the last-named was one of the parents, has even 

 larger flowers of an orange-scarlet colour. 



Erect, Non-twining Species. 

 Z. fragrantissima, a Chinese plant, is one of the 

 earliest of spring-flowering shrubs ; the flowers are 



