1. BAL^NA. 



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formed of the lateral process of the atlas united to the lower lateral 

 processes of some of the other cervical vertebrae. 



The upper lateral processes seem to be scarcely developed, as the 

 mass shelves down above towards the lower edge, and has on its 

 upper part a series of perforations on each side, showing the axes of 

 the nerves and vessels between the united vertebrae. 



The cervical vertebrae of a Balcma in the British Museum, that 

 was dredged up at Lyme Eegis, are united together not only by the 

 body of the vertebrae, but by the neural arches, which form a large 

 vaulted arch, and by the lateral processes. 



Fig. 3. 



Cervical vertebrse of Baltsna - 



Lyme Regis. 



The lateral processes of the atlas are large ; they arise from the 

 exterior side of the articular cavity, the edge of the upper side being 

 on a level with the top of the concavity, and the blunt end is rather 

 curved up ; the underside gradually shelves from the blunt outer 

 end to the lower margin of the articular cavity. 



The upper lateral processes of the second, third, fourth, fifth, 

 sixth, and seventh cervicals are all united together at the ends, the 

 process of the second vertebra being the thickest, largest, and bent ; 

 it is united to the hinder surface of the end of the lateral process of 

 the atlas by a thick osseous band. The upper lateral processes of 

 the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh are thinner and smaller, 

 diminishing in size as they proceed backwards ; the process of the 

 third is directed backwards to meet the end of the fourth, which, 

 like those of the fifth, sixth, and seventh, is directed rather forwards 

 towards the head. 



The lower lateral process of the second vertebra is very large, thick, 

 confluent with the lower part of the lateral process of the first ver- 

 tebra or atlas, but produced far beyond it, and thickened below and 

 at the end, which is considerably dilated. The lower process of the 

 third vertebra is much smaller, or rather compressed, than that of 



g2 



