1. BAiaiNA. 85 



Europe, except at Copenhagen, The singular effect produced by the 

 enormous size of the head, as compared with the remainder of the 

 skeleton, must be seen to be fully realized. 



" The cranium is 18' 9" long in a straight line, the vertebral column 

 31' 6", making a total of 50' 3". The epiphyses of the arm-bones 

 are united at both ends, as are those of all the caudal vertebrse, but 

 not those of the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae ; so that the animal was 

 in a late period of the adolescent stage. The vertebral formula is 

 C. 7, D. 14, L. 10, C. 23=54. The taQ is quite complete. This 

 is the normal total number, according to Eschricht and Reinhardt; 

 but an individual peculiarity consists in the development of an addi- 

 tional rudimentary rib on the left side, about 18" long, and articulating 

 with the transverse process of the fourteenth vertebra behind the 

 neck. This vertebra is therefore reckoned among the dorsal instead 

 of the lumbar series. The ordinary number of dorsal vertebrae and 

 pairs of ribs is thirteen. The last two lumbar and first three caudal 

 vertebrae are enveloped in an immense mass of exostosed bone. The 

 skeleton appears quite perfect ; even the pelvic bones are present, 

 though not yet articulated. There are two bones on each side, dif- 

 fering considerably in the details of their conformation from the same 

 bones in the skeleton which has been lately received, though not yet 

 mounted, at the Museum of the Eoyal College of Surgeons." — Flower, 

 P. ;?. ;Sf. 1864, 416. 



" There is a skull of a very yoimg individual in the Ley den Museum, 

 in not very perfect condition. It is 5' 2" in length, and 2' 10|" in 

 greatest breadth across the squamosals. The elements of the occipital 

 bones are distinct ; but the parietal is already anchylosed with the 

 supraoccipital along the upper margin of the temporal fossa. The 

 basisphenoid is distinct from both the presphenoid and basioccipital, 

 though the union with the latter is the more advanced of the two. 

 At this stage the skull differs much from that of the adult animal. 

 Besides the proportionately greater size of the cranial cavity, the 

 orbital processes of the frontals are shorter, and broader at their 

 extremity, the maxillaries are less arched, and the skull generally 

 much more depressed."— i^'Zowe?-, P. Z. S. 1864, 394. 



The ear-bones, with the tympanic in situ, are represented by 

 Eschricht (Nord. Hvaler, t. 5. f. 4). The tympanic bone is sub- 

 rhombic ; the upper surface flat, with a large, subangular, rugose 

 prominence occupying about two-thirds of the upper inner side ; the 

 upper margin rounded, the outer edge rather sharp and slightly 

 arched ; the lower edge flat, truncated, with a sharp upper and lower 

 edge, which is angulated at the lower outer corner. There is a deep 

 groove between the inner dorsal prominence and the lower edge. 

 The lower surface convex, with a large oblong opening of nearly 

 equal width the whole length. 



The specimen of the ear-bones in the British Museum is rather 

 sea- worn and polished ; but I have compared it, through the kindness 

 of Mr. W. H. Flower, with the ear-bone of the skeleton which the 

 Eoyal College of Surgeons has just received from Greenland. 



In_the British Museum there is a pair of ear-bones, which evi- 



